Industrial Attachment

| About Us | HREA News | E-Learning | | Study Guides | Home > Learning Center > Study Guides > Persons with inabilities | Human privileges of people with disabilities| | Introduction Rights at Stake International and Regional Instruments of Protection and Promotion National Protection and Service Agencies Advocacy, Educational and Training Materials Other ResourcesIntroductionDisability and people with incapacities Persons with handicaps are qualified for practice their common, political, social, financial and social rights on an equivalent premise with others.Disability â€Å"summarizes an extraordinary number of various utilitarian restrictions happening in any populace in any nation of the world. Individuals might be incapacitated by physical, scholarly or tangible weakness, ailments or dysfunctional behavior. Such disabilities, conditions or sicknesses might be lasting or transient in nature. † (Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Perso ns with Disabilities). Various articulations are utilized when alluding to people with inabilities. For instance, the term â€Å"differently-abled persons† demonstrates that incapacity isn't seen as a deviation from the norm.The expression â€Å"disabled persons† may be misconstrued to suggest that the capacity of the person to work as an individual has been incapacitated. This guide utilizes the term â€Å"persons with disabilities†, which is reliable with the language utilized by the United Nations (UN). The UN assesses that there are 500 million people with incapacities on the planet today. This number is expanding each year because of variables, for example, war and annihilation, undesirable day to day environments, or the nonappearance of information about inability, its causes, anticipation and treatment.The lion's share of people with handicaps live in less created nations where individuals need access to basic administrations, for example, human services . Also, there exists a reasonable connection among destitution and incapacity. The danger of impedance is more prominent for a family that lives in destitution, while and simultaneously, a debilitated relative spots greater levels of popularity on the family's assets. Among people with inabilities, the accompanying structure especially powerless gatherings that face separation dependent on two grounds: ladies, youngsters, older folks, casualties of torment, exiles and dislodged people, and vagrant workers.For occasion, ladies with an incapacity are victimized due to their sexual orientation and furthermore on account of their handicap. Improvement of handicap strategy crafted by the UN comprises the most significant activities taken by a worldwide association in the zone of incapacity. In view of the International Bill of Rights, the UN defined the principal explicit record with respect to handicaps in 1971 in the Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons. Significant d ifferent reports followed yet none of them are legitimately binding.The 1980s imprint the fundamental period of movement in regards to setting up universal standards relating to people with inabilities. In 1981, the General Assembly pronounced the principal International Year of Disabled Persons. It was trailed by the World Program of Action Concerning Disabled Persons in 1982 and the Decade of Disabled Persons 1983-1992. All through the 1990s all UN gatherings managed inability rights and tended to the requirement for defensive instruments (World Conference on Human Rights 1993, Fourth World Conference on Women 1995, Habitat II 1996).At present, the Ad Hoc Committee on Disabilities is associated with a procedure to make a show that ensures incapacitated people on a universal level. An elevated level of mindfulness is additionally shown by the European Union, the year 2003 was announced as the European Year of People with Disabilities. Other significant provincial observances incorp orate the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons (1993-2002), the African Decade of Disabled People (2000-2009), and the Arab Decade of Disabled Persons (2003-2012). Back to Top] Rights at StakePersons with incapacities experience the ill effects of separation dependent on society's partiality and numbness. Moreover, they frequently abhor indistinguishable open doors from others in view of the absence of access to basic administrations. Worldwide human rights law confirms that each individual has:1. The privilege of equity under the watchful eye of law 2. The privilege to non segregation 3. The option to approach opportunity 4. The privilege to autonomous living 5. The option to full reconciliation 6.The right to securityPolicy in regards to incapacities is frequently commanded by the thought of â€Å"equalization of opportunities†, which implies that society must utilize its assets so that each person, incorporating people with inabilities, has an equivalent chance to take part in the public arena. [Back to Top]  International and Regional Instruments for Protection and PromotionInternational legitimate instruments appear as an arrangement (additionally called understanding, show, or convention) that ties the contracting states to the arranged terms.When dealings are finished, the content of a settlement is built up as genuine and conclusive and is â€Å"signed† by the delegates of states. A state can consent to be bound to a settlement in different manners. The most widely recognized are endorsement or promotion. Another bargain is approved by those states that have arranged the instrument. An express that has not partaken in the arrangements may, at a later stage, agree to the settlement. The bargain goes into power, or gets legitimate, when a pre-decided number of states have approved or consented to the treaty.When a state confirms or acquiesces to a settlement, that state may reserve a spot to at least one articles of the arrangemen t, except if reservations are denied by the settlement. Reservations may ordinarily be pulled back whenever. In certain nations, worldwide settlements overshadow national law; in others a particular law might be required to give an endorsed global bargain the power of a national law. For all intents and purposes all expresses that have endorsed or acquiesced to a worldwide settlement must issue orders, change existing laws, or present new enactment all together for the bargain to be completely viable on the national territory.The restricting arrangements can be utilized to constrain governments to regard the settlement arrangements that are important for the human privileges of people with inabilities. The non-restricting instruments, for example, affirmations and goals, can be utilized in pertinent circumstances to humiliate governments by negative open presentation; governments who care about their global picture may thus adjust their approaches. The accompanying global instrument s ensure the privileges of people with disabilities.They for the most part center around shielding handicapped people from separation and making equivalent open doors for them to take an interest in society:UNITED NATIONSUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (article 3, 21, 23, 25) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was received by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948 and gives human rights gauges acknowledged by all part states. The UDHR speaks to the regulating premise that prompted planning the norms concerning people with inabilities that exist today.In Article 25 (1) the UDHR explicitly specifies the financial privileges of individuals with handicaps: the privilege to a sufficient way of life, including food, garments, lodging and clinical consideration and social administrations, and the privilege to security in case of joblessness, infection, incapacity, widowhood, mature age. Article 7 ensures correspondence under the watchful eye of the la w and equivalent insurance by the law for all individuals, including against segregation. Worldwide Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (article 26) This settlement records a few rights that are applicable to disability.Article 26 expresses that all individuals are equivalent under the steady gaze of the law and reserve the privilege to approach assurance of the law. Global Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (article 2) The Covenant doesn't unequivocal allude to inability. Notwithstanding, inability can be incorporated under â€Å"other status† in article (2), which calls for non-segregation on any grounds, for example, race and shading, and â€Å"other status†. To all the more completely expound on the systems for execution of the rights set out in the International Covenant onEconomic Social and Cultural Rights, the Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights †the observing body of the Covenant †issued:General Comment 5 ( 1994) This General Comment by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights figures commitments of states to wipe out segregation of people with inabilities in the territories of equivalent rights for people (â€Å"double discrimination†) (article 3 of the ICESCR), work (ICESCR articles 6-8), standardized savings (article 9), security of the family (article 10), satisfactory way of life (article 11), right to physical and emotional well-being (article 12), right to instruction (articles 13 and 14) and the option to participate in social life and appreciate the advantages of logical advancement (article 15). Revelation on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons (1971) This announcement was declared by the UN General Assembly and states that: â€Å"The intellectually hindered individual has, to the greatest level of attainability, indistinguishable rights from other people. â€Å"Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (1975) This presentation embraced by the UN General Assembly is the main global archive that attempted to characterize the term â€Å"disability. † The Declaration incorporates various social and financial rights just as common and political rights.Declaration on the Rights of Deaf-Blind Persons (1979) Article 1 of the Declaration expresses that â€Å"†¦every hard of hearing visually impaired individual is qualified for appreciate the univers

If A Business Drops Its Price Will It Always Increase Demand

Question: In the event that A Business Drops Its Price Will It Always Increase Demand - And Will It Make More Profit? Answer: Investigation of Li and Yada shows item or administration costs may have an extraordinary serious edge yet requires giving the merchant adequate benefit. For the dread of business disappointment, the greater part of the merchants cut their edges off during the hour of misfortune. Organizations frequently drop costs of their item and administrations trusting that this low decrease can prompt significant increment in the interest and subsequently a generous increment in benefits. This examination is centered around cause and result of the decrease in item costs. Refered to consider infers that making such upgrades to the exhibition may have yielded better monetary execution in present moment, the administration of the organization comprehended it won't address the declining piece of the pie. Further it expresses that estimating is a basic choice and obtrusively cutting costs isn't an answer unfailingly. This article is critical for the examination as it is late considers every single m ain consideration and target which prompted a decrease in costs. This article doesn't have any noteworthy restriction as it is splendidly connected to my examination and give be the premise to my work. Consider book for the examination depends on the hypothetical structure of value vulnerability, creation, and benefit by considering ongoing economic situations of Australia. As indicated by the perspective of Tisdel; if or if not the decrease in cost may help benefit depend on the interest versatility of the item according to thought. Costs impact the volume and accordingly benefits. Be that as it may, the substantial sum is to be paid on the off chance that it results negative. There is a need to know the value modification would gradually affect benefits. This book is an optional help to my examination because of a significant restriction of linkage to financial aspects. Notwithstanding; investigation of this source gave me discovering that a businessperson is supposed to be shrewd when he perceives that low value renders either low quality or more awful administrations. For the most part, the value set by organizations with respect to their items in an assortment empowers busines s to be increasingly practical Investigation of Mankiw shows the monetary relationship of cost, request and benefit to comprehend the legitimate thinking of the way that if a business drops its cost will it generally expand request - and will it make more benefit. According to the perspective of Mankiw; making a decrease in value brings about benefit, just whenever cost and amount of offer remain stable. At the point when a decrease in value lead to low nature of companys items further the organization is been hauled to lessen them so as to look after deals. Their examination had helped me in a superior comprehension of the idea and intelligent thinking of the concerned circumstance for the situation. In their examination, Venegas and Ventura had explained that if the decrease in cost is bolstered by the low quality that it can remove potential benefits and thus lead to an overal deficit. One other negative effect that accompanies is proceeding with piece of the overall industry misfortune since the quality decrease can't bring the deals the manner in which it was. Alternately, is the organization can drop costs productively without having any impact on quality, procedure or figures then the organization can make more elevated levels of benefit. This investigation is the essential source to the exploration as it gives results if evaluating technique of the organization isn't suitable. Nonetheless; restriction of this examination that it is focused on gracefully chain coordination. This is an online article dependent on vital arranging: Will Lowering Your Prices Increase Profits? This was a short yet feasible connection for the investigation as portrays the relationship of value request and benefits with legitimate monetary models and hypothesis. Albeit because of the confinement of substance it doesn't a total system it gives chopping down costs would cost cash during the present moment. Indeed, even previously, value decrease measures didn't do a lot to enlarge deals volumes and were coordinated rapidly by the opponents. This issue is one looked by each retailer: however backhanded, since quite a while ago run versatility of cost may be high, direct, the short-run flexibility of cost is very low. Any significant slices in cost are probably going to have noteworthy negative effects on edge for a long time or more, and they should be paid during that time in some way. References Key arranging: Will Lowering Your Prices Increase Profits?. 2017. [Online]. Accessible through https://www.marketingmo.com/vital arranging/will-bringing down your-costs increment benefits/. Venegas, B.B. what's more, Ventura, J.A., 2018. A two-phase flexibly chain coordination component considering value delicate interest and amount limits. Diary of Operational Research, 264(2), pp.524-533. Mankiw, N.G., 2014. Standards of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Tisdell, C.A., 2015. The hypothesis of value vulnerability, creation, and benefit. Princeton University Press. Li, Z. also, Yada, K., 2015, November. For what reason do Retailers End Price Promotions: A Study on Duration and Profit Effects of Promotion. In Data Mining Workshop (ICDMW), 2015 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 328-335). IEEE.

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood Theories Developmental Psychology Print Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood How Kids Learn to Share and Care By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Aron Janssen, MD on November 27, 2019 linkedin Aron Janssen, MD is board certified in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry and is the vice chair of child and adolescent psychiatry Northwestern University.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Aron Janssen, MD on November 27, 2019 Tang Ming Tung / Getty Images More in Theories Developmental Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology A tremendous amount of social and emotional development takes place during early childhood. As kids experience temper tantrums, mood swings, and an expanding social world, they must learn more about their emotions as well as those of other people. Social-Emotional Experiences of Early Childhood Throughout the toddler years, temper tantrums are quite common. Theres a good reason why people often refer to this stage as the terrible twos! Toddlers tend to have rapid mood swings. While their emotions can be very intense, these feelings also tend to be quite short-lived. You might be stunned at how your child can go from screaming hysterically about a toy he wants at one moment to sitting in front of the television quietly watching his favorite show just moments later. Children at this age can be very possessive and have difficulty sharing. Learning to get along with other children is an essential skill, however. In just a few short years, your child will go from spending most of his time with family and close friends to spending a large chunk of his day interacting, learning, and playing with other kids at school. Emotional development and social skills are essential for school readiness. Examples of such abilities include paying attention to adult figures, transitioning easily from one activity to the next, and cooperating with other kids. How Experiences Shape a Childs Development Helping Kids Develop Social and Emotional Skills So how can you help your child learn how to play well with others? Social competence not only involves the ability to cooperate with peers; it also includes such things as the ability to show empathy, express feelings, and share generously. Fortunately, there are plenty of things that you can do to help your kids develop these all-important social and emotional skills. Model Appropriate Behaviors Observation plays a vital role in how young children learn new things. If your child sees you sharing, expressing gratitude, being helpful, and sharing feelings, your child will have a good solid understanding of how to interact with other people outside the home. You can model these responses in your own household with both your child and other members of the family. Every time you say please or thank you, you are demonstrating how you would like your children to behave. Reinforce Good Behavior Most importantly, be sure to offer praise when your children demonstrate good social behaviors. Reinforcement not only makes young children feel good about themselves, but it also helps them understand why certain behaviors are desirable and worthy of praise. Helping your children feel good about themselves also plays an important role in developing a sense of empathy and emotional competence. By creating a positive climate where children are allowed to share their feelings, children will naturally begin to become more generous and thoughtful. Teaching Empathy Parents can also boost empathy and build emotional intelligence by encouraging their children to think about how other people feel. Start by inquiring about your childs own feelings, asking questions about events in your childs life. How did you feel when you lost your toy? How did that story make you feel? Once children become skilled at expressing their own emotional reactions, begin asking questions about how other people may feel. How do you think Nadia felt when you took away the toy she was playing with? By posing questions about emotions, children can begin to think about how their own actions might impact the emotions of those around them. How to Help Kids Build Empathy Teaching Cooperation Cooperation is one skill that benefits tremendously from direct experience. Giving your child the opportunity to interact and play with other kids is one of the best ways to teach your child how to relate to others. While your toddler may find playing with other kids his age frustrating at times, since kids often lack patience and the ability to share, things will gradually begin to improve with age and experience. As children play and interact, they also begin to develop social problem-solving skills. Early attempts might involve plenty of arguments and conflict with siblings and peers, but eventually, kids learn how to negotiate and compromise with other children.

Career Development in Generation X Essay - 2185 Words

Career Development in Generation X Generation X refers to the population cohort following the Baby Boomers. Sources differ as to the exact years during which this cohort was born. Coupland (1991) suggests 1960 to 1970; Bradford and Raines (1992) propose 1965 to 1975; and Howe and Strauss (1993) suggest 1961 to 1981. Whatever the birth years, it is their common life experiences that give this cohort an identity. Individuals born in Generation X are reputedly more global, technologically oriented, and culturally diverse than the generations before them. Coming of age when the linear career path no longer exists, where average income is falling, and where continuous change is the norm, does this generation have different values, work†¦show more content†¦The twenty somethings of Generation X who are currently in the work force entered the labor market with no expectations. Many of them believe the best years (in terms of society) are behind them (Howe and Strauss 1993). They have been told that they are the only generation since the Civil War to come of age unlikely to match their parents economic fortunes (ibid., p. 7). They place little faith in job security. They saw their parents laid off without cause and their perceptions of the working world were shaped in time of economic turmoil. Consequently, they tend to see every job they take as temporary and every company as a stepping stone to something better, or at least to something else (Filipczak 1994, p. 23). Since they have adopted the philosophy that there are no guarantees, they are not interested in working their way up. They want to be valued immediately for their skills (Bradford and Raines 1992). They see their career strength in their ability to solve problems and do jobs that others are not able to do. They believe that security nowadays comes from the transferability of ones skills to other jobs rather than from advancement in hierarchically managed organizations (Wilkinson 1995, p. 67). They use job hopping as a way to build their skills and make themselves more marketable (Filipczak 1994, p. 27). Although individuals in Generation X may be cynical, they do not lack drive. TheyShow MoreRelatedAuthentic Leadership for Age Diversity800 Words   |  4 PagesAuthentic Leadership for Age Diversity In the article â€Å"Bridging the Gap Between Gen X and Gen Y: Lessons From Authentic Leadership,† the authors highlight the issues of age diversity with a specific focus on issues between Generation X and Generation Y in the United States. They state that there are several attitudes, preferences, and characteristics that define each generation and create a fertile ground for organizational conflict. They argue that the solution for leaders with age diversity dilemmasRead MoreUnderstanding and Managing Generational Differences Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagesgender,culture ,work style, the employee demographics consist of the four generations which are Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X and Millenials Generations Birth Years Corevalue Prefered Communication Style Traditionalists 1925 to 1945 Clear Direction, Loyal and discipline Memos, Letters, Personal notes Baby Boomers 1946 to 1964 Idealist, Optimistic ,Respect to Authority. Phone calls, Face to Face Gen X 1965 to 1980 Self Reliant ,Work Independently, skeptical to authorityRead MoreThe Common Goals Of Nurses Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesaccomplish clinical objectives of the organization. Multiple Generations Nursing workforce consists of the 4 generations, which are the Traditionalist, Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. Each generation has it own distinctive personality, beliefs, values and perceptions towards work. Knowledge and technologies has grown significantly, hence, individuals will be able to progress smarter throughout different generations. The young generation may have great education background but may not have muchRead MoreNurses Diverse Cultural Background And Impact On Care Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesothers of different cultures or sub-cultures. Age or generation is an essential aspect of workforce diversity. Generation is important because the individuals are born within the same time period, providing common views, and beliefs because of the common exposure at a young age (Rajput, Bali, Kesarwani, 2013). This paper will provide an overview of the four Generations represented in the current workforce today, an overview of the generation that I belong t o, and lastly, an explanation of howRead MoreManaging A Team Of Multi Generational Workers Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pages In today’s world, the problems of managing a team of multi-generational workers can be best described by the difference in the generation in the workforce. This usually is the main reason for conflicts in the workplace but sometimes can be a boon for the employers for the development of an organisation to be more efficient and productive. Authoritative approaches to deal with these inadequate nowadays as these are of differing values and attributes with varying ambitions to either compete or collaborateRead MoreGeneration Y or the Millenials740 Words   |  3 PagesGeneration Y or the Millennials are the terms used to refer to the individuals who were born between early 1980s to early 2000s. The term Generation Y was coined from the fact that the generation preceding the Millennials was known as Generation X. This group comprises the largest number of people entering the workforce in the contemporary world. This generation has some of the characteristics that were not exhibit ed by most previous generations that include being soft, family centered, achievementRead MoreInfluence of New Technologies in the Generation Gap1088 Words   |  5 Pagesa younger generation and their seniors. Each generation developed in a different period, with different ways of living and with different ideals. Although these differences have been present throughout history, old generations have to be confronted at the cultural change which affects the actual society, particularly with the new generations X and Y. The basic purpose of this paper is to show that the development of medias and new technologies have a great influence on the Generation Gap. 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Moreover,it ensures continuous generation of knowledge.The process of career planning involves taking control and managing your career so that you are making the right decision for your next career move.This means knowingRead MoreDemocratic Leadership Is Better And More Suitable Approach1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe workforce nowadays is flocked with Generation Ys/Millennials. A generation that is self-expressive, knowledgeable and feels entitled. This tech-savvy generation will be a powerful workforce if managed properly. Millennials want to be valued as individuals and have chances to channel their creative ideas. Autocratic leadership with its dominant and authoritative style is more likely to cause counterproductive wor k behavior in millennials. Democratic leadership, which Millennials could participate

Biology Topic-the Scientific Method - 2244 Words

NAME: ____________________________ DATE:____________________ Leaving Certificate Biology: Scientific Method Leaving Certificate Biology Scientific Method Please see Teachers’ Notes for explanations, additional activities, and tips and suggestions. Levels Students English-language skills should be developed to Level B1 during funded Language Support. Mainstream subject learning will require the development of skills at Level B2 if students are to cope with public examinations. Language focus Learning focus Key vocabulary, word identification, sentence structure, extracting information from text, writing text, grammar. Using Biology textbooks and accessing curriculum content and learning activities. Acknowledgement The English†¦show more content†¦First, check that you understand the meanings of the key words in the box below, then read the sentences and fill in the gaps. a) Biology is the study of __________________. b) Biologists use study ____________________ and processes to lead to worthwhile discoveries. c) Experiments are designed to test a _____________________. d) A ________________ is a condition that changes during an experiment. e) It is important to have a _________________ experiment to compare the outcome to. hypothesis life control variable methods 2. Vocabulary in use Write a short sentence using each of the following words. Check your text book or dictionary if you need help. observation __________________________________________________________ results ____________________________________________________________ __ outcome ____________________________________________________________ constant ____________________________________________________________ assumption __________________________________________________________  © English Language Support Programme for Post-Primary schools - www.elsp.ie Trinity Immigration Initiative 2007-2009 7 NAME: ____________________________ DATE:____________________ Leaving Certificate Biology: Scientific Method 3. Matching Match each term in Column A with a definition in Column B. Draw a line between them. Look at your textShow MoreRelatedScientific Method and Media Piece Article Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesName:Mark Delarosa 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. 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The EDP is the hallmark multistep process that captures the essence of what engineers do in the real world, much like the scientific method captures the essence of what scientists â€Å"do† in the real world. Depending upon the source, the EDP can be noted anywhere from a 6 step process to a 12 step process that can either be represented in a cyclical or linear fashion. For the purposes of selecting a consistentRead MoreUsing Scientific Inquiry Model in High School Biology1339 Words   |  6 Pagesscience, it is especially important that students learn by inquiry and use more of a hands-on approach to learning scientific concep ts. According to Wilke and Straits (2005), inquiry-based learning is where students explore a problem using the processes and tools of the discipline. It is often shown in a way that resembles the scientific method (Wilke Straits, 2005). The scientific inquiry model demonstrates four phases that involve students in identifying a problem and investigation using inquiry-basedRead MoreImportance Of Cell Biology1122 Words   |  5 Pagesand a half now, I have entered a more intensive research environment by working as research associate in the LaBarge Lab with the intention of working towards curing breast cancer. My regular routine runs the gamut of activities expected in a cell biology lab: feeding, passaging, expanding, and freezing cell strains grown in our lab; FACS sorting cells based on lineage specific surface markers; immunofluorescence imaging; gene expression analysis. As a research associate, I also make stock solutionsRead MoreShould Psychology Be Considered As A Science ?1353 Words   |  6 Pages2009) Psychology can be defined as the ‘scientific study of human behaviour and cognitive processes.’ Science is generally defined as the ‘systematic way or method of obtaining knowledge’ (Merriam-Webster, 2008). 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Queen Elizabeth Golden Age Free Essays

Elizabeth’s Golden Age Elizabeth was Queen of England from 1558-1603. During that time England was a strong country and she was a successful queen. Many people thought Elizabeth would not last long without a powerful husband but they were proved wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Queen Elizabeth: Golden Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact Elizabeth was very clever in not choosing a husband. She didn’t choose a husband because she didn’t want anybody taking over her throne. There were four men that she could have married but said no to. The first man was Philip of Spain. Philip of Spain had married Elizabeth’s sister Mary and was expecting Elizabeth to say yes to his proposal. Elizabeth turned him down though because she didn’t want to marry the same man as her sister and also Philip was a devout Catholic. The English didn’t like foreigners and hated Catholic ones even more. There had been a rebellion when Mary had married Philip. This was another reason why Elizabeth decided not to marry Philip. Another man whom Elizabeth could have married was Charles of Austria. She decided against him as well though because she thought that he would use England to fight his own wars and she didn’t want England to get caught up in other countries squabbles. Elizabeth could have also married a wealthy nobleman from a powerful English family but decided against him too as if she had married him then the other noblemen could have got jealous and started a rebellion. She was also clever in not marrying a nobleman because if she kept them all guessing then they would all remain loyal as they would all think that they had a chance to get some wealth and power. The last man of which she turned down was Robert Dudley who was a good looking man and whose wife had just passed away. Elizabeth turned him down too though as she thought that he might take the chance to steal her throne away from her. Even though Elizabeth was very clever in not choosing a husband that would take over all her power, some sexist historians will argue that although Elizabeth didn’t have a husband she had excellent Male advisors who helped and supported her throughout her reign. One of these men was William Cecil or Lord Burghley. During his time, William Cecil helped Elizabeth through her reign and was always there for her. He served her as secretary, served her as position of Lord Treasurer and together with the help of Sir Francis Walsingham devised an intricate spy network that helped uncover the Babington Plot. He was also instrumental in having Mary Queen of Scots executed and even when he had lost his hearing at the age of seventy, continued to serve Elizabeth who looked upon him as a father figure. He carried on serving Elizabeth all the way until his death in 1598. One of her greatest challenges was to hold England together despite the religious divisions amongst her people. Elizabeth did this by setting a middle road. Elizabeth wanted England to have peace and not be divided over religion. She tried to find ways which both the Catholic and Protestant sides would accept and be happy. She made Protestantism the official religion in England. She did not call herself the Head of the Church of England, instead she was known as the Supreme Governor of the English Church. To please the Protestants she made all churches use the prayer book in English that Edward had used and allowed the priests once again to marry. To please the Catholics she made some changes to some words in the prayer book and also let priests were special vestments. She did not give way to extremists though and would punish them. Even though she would punish Protestants and Catholics she would always punish Catholics more severely. If a protestant extremist wrote a book saying anything bad or wrong about Elizabeth’s decisions to divide the country peacefully would have their writing hand chopped off to stop them writing any more books. But if a Catholic extremist was caught trying to convert someone to Catholicism then they would be arrested, tortured and then eventually hanged. Elizabeth’s treatment of the extremists may have seemed horrible but it got the message across and England ended up much better than it had started off. Elizabeth dealt with opposition from inside the country effectively. She didn’t only deal with extremists but also dealt with Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary returned to Scotland after her first husband’s death. She married again to her first cousin, Henry Stuart (Lord Darnley) four years later but their union was unhappy and in February 1567 there was a big explosion at their house and Darnley was found dead in the garden, apparently strangled. She soon married James Hepburn who was actually the main murder suspect for Lord Darnley’s murder. But soon after, following an uprising against the couple, Mary was imprisoned in a castle. After an unsuccessful attempt to reclaim the throne, Mary fled to England to seek protection from her first cousin, once removed, Elizabeth. Elizabeth had Mary arrested though as soon as she was in the country. This was because of the threat that Mary presented, who had previously claimed the throne to be her own. Mary spent nineteen years in custody, guarded in castles and manor houses across England until she was tried and executed by Elizabeth for her involvement in the Babington plot, a plot to assassinate Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s treatment of Mary not just helped stop the Babington plot but helped Elizabeth’s control of England too. This is because Elizabeth had executed one of the head Catholics which make the others think again and had also helped her since Mary would have been the next in line to the throne after Elizabeth. A successful ruler needs to keep her country safe. Elizabeth did this by defeating the Spanish Armada. Philip of Spain thought Elizabeth as an illegitimate ruler of England. Elizabeth had also helped the Dutch in the Dutch revolt against Spain. As retaliation, Philip sent out a fleet of ships, Armada, to invade and conquer England. The fleet set out with 22 warships and an intention of sailing through the English Channel. Philip’s plan was going well and the Armada had reached its first goal, to anchor at the coastal border area between France and the Spanish Netherlands. While awaiting communications from the army that would invade the South East of England, it was driven from its anchorage by an English fire ship attack. England had already defeated many of the Spanish ships so the Spanish fleet decided regroup and withdraw north. A return voyage to Spain was plotted and the fleet sailed into the Atlantic, past Ireland but severe storms disrupted the fleet’s course. More than 24 vessels were wrecked insuring that England had victory. There was one thing that got the Englishmen ready and motivated and that was Elizabeth’s speech. During her speech she said â€Å" I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and soul of a King, and a Kind of England too! † Throughout her reign Elizabeth saw the importance of maintaining an image. She got artists to paint portraits of her throughout her life. But she didn’t just have normal portraits painted, she had them painted with significant things in. An example of this is that she would be wearing very expensive clothes to show she had wealth. During her paintings she could also have a bible in her hand to show that she held power over the religions, she could have a map in her hand to show that she ruled over the world and in one of her portraits she had Elizabeth Regina (Elizabeth Queen) written behind her. She is also clever in one of these photos as if you look at the top of the portrait you see the Spanish Armada sailing out to invade England on the left, Elizabeth herself is in the middle and then you have the wrecks of the Spanish Armada on the right. If we look for one single thing that made Elizabeth successful it must be her intelligence. I have chosen this because she was clever in not choosing a husband, she sorted out the religious divisions, she defeated an Armada with a single speech and also maintained a perfect image throughout. This is why, even today, her reign is known as The Golden Age. By Joe Tapper. How to cite Queen Elizabeth: Golden Age, Essay examples

Case Analysis Jeff Immelt and the Reinventing of General Electric

Question: Describe about the Case Analysis for Jeff Immelt and the Reinventing of General Electric Answer: Introduction GE was founded in 1892 under the leadership of Charles Coffin, from the merger of two great innovative companies which were Thomas Edisons Electric Company and Thomas Houston Company. Under his leadership span of 30 years, GE was able to transform itself from a research and development of electrical products to a much marketable product based company. After Charles, the patron was handled by many great leaders such as Ralph Cordiner, Fred Borch, Reg Jones and Jack Welch. Jack Welch is considered to be one of the great management gurus who transformed GEs portfolio from manufacturing business to financial services in particular. However, Jeff Immelt who was appointed CEO in 2001 has a different perspective towards the growth of business which involved retransforming of GEs business portfolio mainly focusing on two core sectors, infrastructure and financial services. Under the leadership of Immelt, the company has gone through various obstacles in their business which has been exaggerated by the 9/11 incident which has plummeted the revenue of GM to a greater extent. Therefore Immelt has identified main four areas where they decided to explore new opportunities which have become essential for the continuous growth of the business, which are as below: Demography: GE has visualized the increasing trend of the older population resulting in the increase of demand of the healthcare services. They have also forecasted the population growth in developing countries which creates the opportunities for the entertainment businesses. Infrastructure: GE predicted a huge increase in demand in the infrastructure sector hence decided in positioning itself much more in the infrastructure sectors and related financial services including the opportunities in energy, aviation, rail transport and many other areas related to infrastructure. Emerging Markets: Immelt has gauged the growing development in the Asian countries and Middle East countries which can prove to be great hub for setting their base to increase the profitability growth. Environment: The problems associated with the global warming, climate change, water scarcity and conservation created opportunities for GE to trap these opportunities and convert them into profitable business. But in capturing these opportunities, GE has decided to change their management model which was prevalent from the time of Jack Welch. During the period of Jack Welch leadership, the major industrial sectors were divided into smaller sub units which has created a more responsive company and have clear defined roles and responsibilities whereas Immelt has opted for the cross business integration approach where the industrial sectors were divided into smaller number of broad based sectors and they have to work cross functionally to achieve their goals and targets. He has reduced the number of business units which were direct reporting to him from twelve to five but looking at the companys un-stability, in 2010 he further increased it to seven. The key challenge was to maintain the profitability and cost control with increase in investments in innovation involving smaller or bigger risks. GEs performance metrics as devised by Immelt also lead to discouragement in business unit heads in taking up new opportunities. The managers in GE were not satisfied with the new working culture of working cross-functional, cross-market and cross-company which created complex coordination problems. GEs performance based metrics and the culture of internal competition are proving much more difficulties in working cross-functional and cross-divisional. 1. From the period of Charles Coffin when GE was formed from the merger of Thomas Edisons Electric Light Company and THC, its main competencies has been the innovation based product oriented organization. Chairman Ralph Cordiner along with Peter Drucker had formalized a new approach to corporate management. Under the leadership of Fred Borch, the companys management system was based on SBU and portfolio analysis which also became the benchmark for the management model of many companies. During the period of 1973 to 1981, Reg Jones collaborated the strategic planning to its financial management systems. The period of 1981 to 2001 were the golden days in the history of GE, Jack Welch became CEO of the company and during that period, companys revenue grew fourfold and net income grew seven times from under $2 billion to $14 billion. But after 2001, GE went through a turbulence of problems created through the changes in the global market and socio-economic condition of the US and during this period Immelt has taken the leadership to maintain the stability of the company and also to diversify the companys progress in many different un-trapped opportunities. During the period of 1981-2001, GE was under the transformational leadership of Jack Welch where the company was undergoing through a transformation from a product based company more towards concentrating on the financial services. The performance was measured by the achievement of the targets which were continuously monitored and powerful incentives were also rewarded to the one who accomplish in achieving the high standard of targets. He was very much against the bureaucracy and removed the hierarchy layers (Styler 2003). His management style was direct and personal where the managers were assigned high targets and his team was always under huge pressure to achieve those targets. He introduced Six Sigma to improve quality and reliability and also started the initiative to adopt the internet technologies in their working environment. Jack Welch used three circle concepts where he has divided the services, technology and core competencies of GE which helped to devise the strategies c learly and realistically. Three Circle Concepts Jeff Immelt was appointed CEO of GE in 2001 after Jack Welch. Jeff had stablished the company during the turbulent times of 2001-2012. The central theme of Immelts strategy is based on the organic growth. He has identified four key areas where he developed strategies to trap the opportunities as forecasted by him in the days ahead. The four external trends which proved to be the growth opportunities for GE are: Jeff Immelt decided to exit slow and dormant businesses and to reallocate its resources to business where there is strong growth prospect and to enter new industries. Therefore Jeff has bought many companies to increase its innovative capabilities and also sold few of its units which were not making much profit and becoming the dead assets. GE identified few existing sectors where certain reshaping and transformation is required to increase the growth and to meet the future demands, which are mainly four technological units i.e. healthcare, energy, broadcasting and entertainment and technology infrastructure. 2: The market condition has become very dynamic these days and the continuous development of a company depends on the dynamics of markets as well as on the socio-economic condition of a country. Since nowadays, the Asian market comprising mainly China and India and Latin American countries such as Brazil are developing at a much faster rate and are transforming into the hub of many big players of market. There is abundance of growth opportunities in these nations and resources are also available at much higher quantity and at lower cost. However the customer demands are changing at such an tremendous rate that continuous innovation in the existing products as well as development of new products have become the necessary part of the market strategies. Considering GE as a company which has a strong base in the innovation and high technology in developing healthcare products, entertainments services, construction equipment and services, infrastructure services and in financial services needs to be very proactive in gauging the opportunities as well as the threats which are present in the current market scenario. 2015 2014 2013 Revenues( in millions) $ 117,366.00 $ 117,184.00 $ 113,245.00 Net Earnings (in millions) $ (6,126.00) $ 15,233.00 $ 13,057.00 Total Assets(in millions) $ 492,692.00 $ 654,954.00 $ 663,247.00 Source: GE Annual Report 2015 Comparison of Revenue and Net Earnings (2013-2015). According my perspective GE should be focusing on two main important points i.e. Entry into new markets Innovation and development of new products. Entry into New Markets Under the supervision of Jeff, GE has entered into the international markets of the developing countries. From the table listed below also shows that the revenue generated from Non US in 2015 is $ 64.10 billion whereas in US it is $ 53.20 billion, therefore the revenue generated from outside US is much more than US and this trend is gradually increasing from 2012 (GE Annual Report 2015) Geographic Revenues( in billions) 2015 2014 2013 US $ 53.20 $ 51.10 $ 49.40 Europe $ 16.80 $ 18.40 $ 18.20 Asia $ 19.30 $ 20.20 $ 20.90 Americas $ 12.00 $ 11.80 $ 11.30 Middle East and Africa $ 16.00 $ 15.60 $ 13.50 Non US $ 64.10 $ 66.00 $ 63.90 Source: GE Annual report 2015 Revenue (US vs Non US) Revenue (in billions) of Non US regions And still there are lots of opportunities available in the foreign markets and there are areas where the resources and related opportunities have not been explore till now for e.g. the current areas on the clean source of energy and areas under the artificial intelligence and machine learning where the companies are competing with each other and GE has the capabilities and technology to trap these opportunities by investing in the RD of IOT and machine learning which will generally automate the things. GE should continue to focus on the innovation of current range of products according to the needs of the international customers and in the meanwhile it should develop new products considering the emerging and changing customer behavior and buying patterns. Innovation and development of new products Immelt strategized to reshape the GEs business portfolio by creating new growth platforms which mean advancement or extensions of the existing businesses or entirely into the new areas of business. In most of the cases, GE growth platforms are the areas of business which are already existed but they have been made at par with the current market needs and technological advancement by the acquisition of some of the pioneer companies. The following are the examples: Healthcare Healthcare industry is one of the main sectors of GE where it was the global leader in the diagnostic imaging including X-ray equipment, CT scanners and MRI scanners. Immelt has acquired Amersham which was a diagnostics and medical equipment company, HPSC for financial services in medical and Abbott Diagnostics, which was the world leader in vitro diagnostics to expand its range of products and to enter into the international market. Energy As power generation being the GEs oldest business and well developed equipment supplier to oil and gas sector. And Immelt visualized energy as a prime factor in the growth of GE and business opportunity in finding the various sources to trap alternate energy. It acquired Enrons wind energy business, BHA Group supplying equipment in emission reduction, Chevron Texaco and AstroPower which supplies products related to solar energy. In the field of oil and gas sector, GE acquired Vetco Gray and Hydril Pressure Control to diversify its product range and services. Broadcasting and entertainment services Main acquisitions were Telemundo which has enabled GE to enter in the Spanish market and Vivendi Universals entertainment business that helped to enter into business strategic areas of film studios and theme parks. In 2009 NBC universal was merged with Comcast with 49% under GE and 51% under Comcast. Technology Infrastructure Immelt believed that the development in the technology infrastructure industries could give GE a competitive advantage where growth platforms as identified are security systems where GE acquired Vision Technologies, Edward Systems and Interlogix, water treatment technology where GE acquired Ionics and BetzDearborn and aerospace where GE acquired Smiths Aerospace to diversify in the avionics. As the part of exit strategy, Immelt decided to reduce the services of GE capital and sold 60% of GECIS to private equity companies, Oak Hill Capital Partners and General Atlantic. GE Advanced Materials business unit was sold to Apollo Management and GE Plastics was sold to Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation. Whereas GE Insurance Solutions and GE life was sold to Swiss Re. Dr. Robert Kaplan and David Norton developed a model known as Kaplan Balance Scorecard as a performance measurement tool (Kaplan Norton 1995). It helps to evaluate and monitor the success of the strategies. Kaplan Balance Scorecard evaluates the strategies on the four factors which are efficiency, financial performance, satisfaction and knowledge and innovation. Efficiency is determined from the internal business process, financial performance is measured by the value given to the stockholders, satisfaction is counted by the satisfaction level of the customer and knowledge is calculated by the technical capacity of the organization. Kaplan Balance Scorecard 3: Comparing the journey of GE under the leadership of Jack Welch and Jeff Immelt is one of the biggest management cases in top Ivy League colleges. In my perspective, the comparison cannot be justified because the external factors during the tenure of each of the leaders have been very different. During the tenure of Jeff, GE has gone through of the biggest downturn of its history as it has faced through the recession and also the economic breakdown due the 9/11 attack on US, which has reduced the prices of the shares from $53 to $6 in 2009 whereas it has increased to $19.81 in 2012. But during this period Jeff has completely transformed the business management model and organizational structure of the company to prevent the company from loss of credibility and market.( Fox 2002) Jacks management style was completely different from the management style of Jeff Immelt. Jack Welch was a good strategist and had a talent to look for opportunities and to manage the threats. He generally believes in excellence and always keeps his team on their toes to meet the targets. He followed a transformational leadership where he has transformed the product based company to much more incline towards the financial services as GE capital was the primary growth engine of GE. Jack was a ruthless task master and focused on short term goals and its achievement. He was against the bureaucracy and removed the layers of hierocracy from the organization. He was more focused on developing its European Markets and US markets. He has emphasized on increasing quality and reliability of the products by introducing of Six Sigma Methodology. (GE Annual Report 2000) Section C system was the main performance tracking system which plan the careers of the managers and formulate every succession plans of every management position at GE and this Section C reviews were all day events and was the part of the GE work culture. During the tenure of Jack Welch, the financials improved to a great extent and that can be justified from the below table: 2000 1999 1998 Revenues( in millions) $ 129,853.00 $ 111,630.00 $ 100,469.00 Costs and expenses (in millions) $ 111,407.00 $ 96,053.00 $ 86,992.00 Net Earnings (in millions) $ 12,735.00 $ 10,717.00 $ 9,296.00 Basic earnings per share $ 1.29 $ 1.09 $ 0.95 Source: GE Annual Report 2000 Financial Comparison during Jack Welchs Leadership Jeff Immelt used a participative leadership style where he follows a friendly and regular guy approach in communication to his managers. He was more people oriented and focused on the finding new growth platforms in the developing countries such as India, China, South Asian countries, Latin American countries and Middle East countries. Jeff emphasized more on innovation and invested in RD. He primarily shifted GE focused area from financial services to more into the infrastructure products and services. He has introduced the cross-functional work culture and each and every manager is evaluated on the performance metrics which are quantifiable in nature. He focused on long term goals and customer oriented approach in marketing the products. He has reduced the business units from twelve to five who are reporting directly to him whereas in 2012 he made it seven. (GE Annual Report 2012) He reallocated the resources to the sectors where the growth prospects were strong and emphasized on n ew businesses. The financial conditions of GE during 2001-2012 were affected due to the recession and the terrorist attack on US which has slowed down the growth of GE. The financial comparison of GE is as follows: 2012 2011 2010 2009 Revenues( in millions) $ 147,359.00 $ 147,288.00 $ 149,567.00 $ 154,396.00 Net Earnings (in millions) $ 13,641.00 $ 14,151.00 $ 11,644.00 $ 11,025.00 Total Assets(in millions) $ 685,382.00 $ 718,189.00 $ 748,491.00 $ 782,714.00 Source: GE Annual Report 2012 Financial Comparison during Jeff Immelts Leadership The following table shows the comparison between the Jack Welch management style and Jeff Immelt management style. Jack Welch Jeff Immelt Transformational Leadership Participative Leadership Removed the layering and hierarchy Again introduced layering and reduced the business sectors reporting to him from 12 to 5 and later on increase to 7 Ruled through intimidation and cult figure Opted for friendlier and regular guy approach. Focussed more on financial services. 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